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This drop led to the complete drying up of the spring-fed pools and a large loss of biodiversity (Al-Eisawi, 2005).

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Show all 5 authors Hide Download full-text PDF Download full-text PDF Read full-text Download full-text PDF Download full-text PDF Read full-text Download citation Copy link Link copied Read full-text Download citation Copy link Link copied Citations (4) References (186) Figures (15) Abstract and Figures Excavations from 2013 to 2015 at the site of Shishan Marsh 1 (SM1) in the Azraq Basin of eastern Jordan have yielded substantial late middle Pleistocene lithic assemblages in association with faunal remains.

Panthera leo, Gazella sp., Bos cf.

Camelus sp., Equus spp., cf.

Stephanorhinus hemitoechus, Palaeoloxodon cf.

The satellite image date is March 3, 2016.

Stratigraphic profile of Shishan Marsh 1 (SM1) (Cordova et al., 2015).

Worked bone from level 2 Shishan Marsh 1 (SM1).

First phalanx of Gazella sp., level 8, Shishan Marsh 1 (SM1).

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Published by Cambridge University Press, 2018.

Faunal remains from recent excavations at Shishan Marsh 1 (SM1), a Late Lower Paleolithic open-air site in the Azraq Basin, Jordan James T.

Lister b, Christopher J.

H. Ames c,d, April Nowell d, Carlos E.

Faunal preservation is poor, but multiple taxa have been identi ed, including cf.

These taxa were drawn to the relatively lush oasis environment, where they were a dietary resource of the hominin groups exploiting the wetlands resources.

Keywords: Middle Pleistocene; Paleolithic; Acheulean; Azraq; Jordan; Shishan Marsh 1; Fauna INTRODUCTION AND SITE BACKGROUND The goal of the Azraq Marshes Archaeological and Paleoe- cological Project (AMAPP) is to examine how the uctuating Azraq wetlands and surrounding Azraq Basin environment have been exploited by hominins during the middle (781 126 ka) and late (126 12 ka) Pleistocene.

AMAPP also aims to situate these results within the larger patterns of Pleistocene biogeography in Jordan and southwest Asia in general (Pokines and Ames, 2015a).

The present research examines the faunal remains derived from ongoing excavations at Shishan Marsh 1 (SM1), which is situated along the former wetlands margin and includes undisturbed Pleistocene deposits.

These archaeological deposits span a period when multiple hominin taxa may have occupied this region, which is an area that intermittently served as a part of a corridor for hominin and other taxa at a crossroads between Africa and Eurasia (Bisson et al., 2007a, 2007b; Bar-Yosef and Belmaker, 2011; Bar-Yosef and Belfer-Cohen, 2013; Stewart et al., 2017).

The undisturbed Pleistocene deposits in the Azraq wetland s have yielded abundant lithic industries associated with faunal remains in generally poor condition because of postdeposi- tional taphonomic processes.

Regional context The greater Azraq Oasis area is located in the Azraq Basin in Jordan s Eastern Desert.

This large inland basin is located almost completely within Jordan s borders, with small areas extending into southern Syria and northern Saudi Arabia.

The mean annual precipitation registered at Azraq in the center of the basin is 54 mm, with most preci pitation concentrated in December through January (Shatnawi et al., 2014).

Seasonal winter rainfall produces temporary but extensive pools inundating the low-lying salty mud at ( qa in Arabic).

The arid environment around the oasis at the center of the basin Corresponding author at: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.

E-mail address: jamespokineshotmail.com (J.T.

Pokines). 1 Downloaded from.

Alumni Medical Library, on 03 Jan 2019 at 12:01:21, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at.

The two major Azraq wetlands consisted of the Druze Marsh in the north and the Shishan Marsh in the south, with their former extents approximately 2 km 2 and 6 km 2, respectively (Ames and Cordova, 2015).

Water pumping to feed the country s growing urban areas and agricultural needs far exceeded the natural ability of the aquifer to recharge, causing a large drop in the water table (Al-Kharabsheh, 2000).